Editor’s Note: This article is part of a series for February as American Heart Month.

Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is an irregular and often rapid heartbeat that originates in the heart’s upper chambers (atria).

In AFib, the electrical signals that regulate the heart’s rhythm become disordered, causing the heart to beat in a chaotic way.

This can lead to poor blood flow, increased risk of stroke, and other complications if left untreated.

AFib can be dangerous if left untreated, primarily due to the increased risk of stroke. AFib can cause blood to pool in the atria, leading to clot formation, which can travel to the brain and cause a stroke.

With appropriate treatment, many people with AFib can maintain a normal lifestyle.

What are common symptoms of Afib?

Palpitations: A racing, fluttering or irregular heartbeat.

Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.

Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity.

Dizziness or lightheadedness: A sensation of feeling faint or unsteady.

Chest pain: Less commonly, one may experience discomfort or pain in the chest.

Some people may not have any symptoms.

What are causes that increase the risk of AFib?

Heart disease: Conditions like high blood pressure, heart valve disease, or coronary artery disease.

Age: More common in older adults.

Other health conditions: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, obesity, and sleep

Lifestyle factors: Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and high levels of stress can be triggers.

Family history

How is AFib diagnosed?

Physical examination

Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures the electrical activity of the heart and can confirm the presence of AFib.

Holter monitor: A portable ECG that records heart activity.

Echocardiogram: Ultrasound of the heart to assess heart function and rule out other issues.

What are treatments for AFib?

Medications: Blood thinners to prevent blood clots and strokes; beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers to control heart rate; and antiarrhythmic drugs to restore normal rhythm.

Electrical cardioversion: Procedure that uses electric shocks to restore a normal rhythm.

Ablation therapy: Procedure where a catheter is used to destroy small areas of tissue in the heart that are causing the abnormal rhythm.

Lifestyle changes: Managing risk factors like high blood pressure, reducing alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight.

How can you reduce your risk of atrial fibrillation?

Managing underlying health conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes).

Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and not smoking.

Limiting alcohol consumption and avoiding caffeine in excess.

Getting enough sleep and managing stress.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of AFib, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment. As always, if you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or go directly to the nearest emergency room.

Family Nurse Practitioner Deanna Stephens is affiliated with UNC Health Southeastern Cardiology and Cardiovascular Care at 2936 N. Elm St., Suite 102 in Lumberton. To learn more about Afib or February as American Heart Month, call 910-671-6619.